Notes (from sessions)

Cycle 1

big VS large

big can refer to the physical size of an object, but it also means that something is serious or important, while large only refers to the physical size.

search VS search for VS do research

• search يبحث في

• search for يبحث عن

• do research about / on يعمل بحث علمي

[singular or plural]

• not only ... but also ... → [ + plural]

• both ... and ... → [ + plural]

• the +adj. → [ + plural]

• ... as well as ... → [singular / plural - على حسب أول subject]

• neither ... nor ... → [singular / plural - على حسب اللى بعد nor]

• each (one) of ... → [singular]

• every ... → [singular]

CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

• do CPR

• perform CPR

• carry out CPR

feast VS festival

• feast - احتفال (related to religion)

• festival - احتفال عادي

hygiene VS sanitation

• hygiene - النظافة الشخصية

• sanitation - النظافة العامة

Modal verbs

• shall → offer & suggest

• should → any advice

• must → strong advice

• have (got) to → orders & rules

• should have +p.p → blaming - التوبيخ

Strongest to Weakest orders:

1. have to

2. must

3. ought to

4. should

"need" as a modal verb

• needn't have +p.p → مش لازم بس اتعملت

• didn't need to → مش لازم ومتعملتش

dialogue VS conversation

• dialogue → written better

• conversation → spoken better

put (someone) through

الشخص اللى بيوصلني بالشخص اللى عايز اكلمه بالتليفون اسمه ال operator

Cycle 2

age

• at the age of → في عمر

  "at the age of 15"

• in the age of → في عصر

  "in the age of Pharaohs"

• by the age of → قبل وصول عمر (بوصول عمر الـ)

  "by the age of 30"

speech

• delivered his speech

make up

• make up a story → يختلق / يؤلف قصة

• make up a lie → بختلق / يؤلف كذبة

• make up for ... → يعوّض

  (= compensate)

tell

• tell a lie

verbs: rock, water & sun

• rock → يخبط / يرج

  (shake hands with = rock)

• water → يسقى

• sun → يشمّس

water VS irrigate

• water → يسقى (زرعة صغيرة)

• irrigate → يسقى (محصول كبير)

related to: sun

• sun (v.) → يشمّس

• sunny → مُشمس

• solar → (معمول من الشمس)

  "solar energy"

means VS news

• news (uncountable)
  • singular → (a piece of) news

• means (countable)
  • singular → a means

arbiter VS referee

• arbiter → الحكم بين

  "the military acted as arbiter of conflicts between political groups"

• referee → حكم (في مباراة مثلا)

"no article" + noun

• go to bed

• go to work

• on duty

• go to school

** لو رايح للغرض الرئيسي للمكان يبقى no article

verbs: forget, regret & remember

• forget to +inf. → نسيت أن أفعل شيء

  "I forgot to post the letter."

• forget +ing. → أنسى أنني فعلت شيء

  "I will never forget winning my first national award."

past simple sentences

** a past simple sentence cannot be written without limiting time keyword.

too VS either

• too → أيضًا {في جملة مثبتة}

• either → أيضًا {في جملة منفية}

people

(countable) ولكن من غير s

a friend of

a friend of + possessive pronoun

Possessive Pronouns

the clock VS the time

understand the clock

==

tell the time

business

• talk business

• discuss the business

beginning & end

• in the beginning,

  in the end,

  → لا يأتي بعدها اسم الشيء

• at the beginning of ...

  at the end of ...

  → لا يأتي بعدها اسم الشيء

light

• light (n.) → الضوء

• lighten (v.) → يضيء

• lightning (n.) → البرق

  lightening ❌

as adj. as

• as red as beetroot

  أحمر كالبنجر

• as white as a sheet

  أبيض كالورقة

• as quiet as a mouse

  هادئ كالفأر

drop off & give a ride

• drop (someone) off

  ينزل شخص (من سيارة مثلا)

• give (someone) a ride

  يوصل شخص

drop a line

drop (someone) a line

Idiom of the day

Phrasal Verbs

Prepositions

New Vocab

Words Ending with “S” (like: means)

Words that ends with "S" in its singular form, and its plural form is the same as its singular.